Forgot about this topic, should make some updates:
1. Separating the camera:
Further research indicates that the external components required are a 24MHz clock, pull-up resistors on enable lines, and maybe some power bypassing. There's another thread on this board that talks about the I2C protocol.
2. Peak sensitivity wavelenth:
850 is looking more likely.
3. Shutter length of the camera:
about 500us.
4. Photometric calibration:
Haven't solved for intrinsic parameters yet, but it's at least very low distortion. It's less than 1 sensor unit, well below non-linearities and error in the subpixel analysis and on the order of quantization error.